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1 κάστωρ
κάστωρ, - οροςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: ` beaver' (Hdt., Hp., Arist.).Derivatives: καστόρ(ε)ιος ` belonging to the beaver' (Pi., X., Dsc.), καστόρ(ε)ιον n. `castor (= Bibergeil)' (pap., Plu.); καστορίδες f. pl. `Laconian race of dogs, initially elevated by Castor' (AP, Poll.), ` beaver' (Opp., Ael.); καστορίζω ` be like castor' (Dsc., Vett. Val.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Since Kretschmer, Wiener Eranos, 1909,121-3 one assumes that, because of the medicinal effect of the castor for women's diseases the name Κάστωρ, who was known as σωτήρ of women, was transferred to the beaver. S. Bq s. v. Schwyzer 635 gives parallel cases, but there are no real parallels (he gives only ἀλέκτωρ, which is prob. also incorrect). This idea has been uncritically taken over. In fact Kretschmer has no specific argument. Thus Gantz, Early Gr. Myth (1993), who discusses the Dioskouroi rather extensively (323-328) mentions nothing about a relation with the beaver. There is, then, nothing that makes it probable that the name of Castor was also used for the beaver. This kind of pseudo-certainties should be abandoned. Schrader-Nehring 138 point out that the animal no longer existed in Greece and that the word will be a foreign word. It is first mentiond in Hdt. 4, 109 in the North Pontic area. (A Pre-Greek word for ` beaver' may have been λάταξ. There seem to have been words in - τωρ in Pre-Greek: βιάτωρ, λείτωρ. The word was taken over in Latin and spread from there to the European languages. W.-Hofmann s. castrō and ēcastor, Wahrmann Glotta 17, 258. From καστόρ(ε)ιον Skt. kastūrī f. ` musk'.Page in Frisk: 1,799-800Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κάστωρ
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2 Καστόρειος
A of or belonging to Castor: τὸ Κ. μέλος a martial song, set to the flute, used in celebrating victories in the horse or chariot races, Pi.P.2.69;ὁ Κ. ὕμνος Id.I.1.16
; also, of a battle-march, Plu.Lyc.22, cf. 2.1140c, Phld.Vit.p.25 J.II [full] καστόρειος or [suff] κασς-όριος, α, ον, of the beaver,ὄρχεις Hsch.
s.v. κάστωρ; αἷμα Dsc.2.24:—esp. [full] καστόρειον or [suff] κασς-όριον, τό, castor, secretion found in the body of the beaver, used in medicine, Anon.Lond.37.51, POxy. 1088.27 (i A.D.), Plu.2.55a, Sor.2.29, Phlp. in GC65.29, etc.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > Καστόρειος
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3 Κάστωρ
Κάστωρ, -οροςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: son of king Tyndareos and Leda, one of the Dioscures (Il.).Derivatives: Καστόρ(ε)ιος `belonging to Kastor' (Pi., X., Dsc.); καστορίδες f. pl. `Laconian race of dogs, initially elevated by Castor' (AP, Poll.); καστορίζω `be like castor' (Dsc., Vett. Val.).Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]X [probably]Etymology: Κάστωρ is connected with κεκαδμένος, κέκασμαι (s. v.; wrong Steinhauser Sprache 2, 2 n. 4 [to Ir. cass `lock'] and Dumézil BSL 42 S. XVI [to Lat. censeō]); the correctness of the etym. cannot be established. The PN would mean `who distinguishes himself'. (See on κάστωρ `beaver' s.v.)Page in Frisk: 1,799-800Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Κάστωρ
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